“I am an artisan, and when I told my clients that in January I was not there because I was the Paris-Dakar, they googly eyes and took me for a fool. Firstly because this race, it makes people dream, and also because they believe that it’s over, the Dakar … ” By his own admission, José Palacios is a little cracked. But he is not crazy. The bib number 114 stuck on his motorcycle attests that there is still a race rallying France to the capital of Senegal, whose departure was given by his manager, René Metge, December 27, 2012, in Saint-Cyprien, in Pyrenees-Orientales. And they are a hundred competitors, auto categories, motorcycle and truck, hoping to reach the famous Lac Rose, near Dakar, January 9, thereby closing the fifth edition of the Africa Eco Race.

If she claims the legacy of Thierry Sabine, the test is not a Paris-Dakar bis but another race on the same course, created after the departure of South African rally of the famous America. In 2008, following the murder of four French tourists in Mauritania, the organizer of the Paris-Dakar, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), decides to cancel the rally, then move the following year to the Argentina. For obvious safety reasons, but also to finance the South American market is much more attractive for sponsors and partners. The rally, which starts in Lima, Peru, Saturday, Jan. 5, no longer the name of Dakar, transformed into brand. Many drivers, including fans who form the bulk of the pack, no longer feel out of place in this new formula, where the atmosphere is more like that of a Tour de France (also organized by ASO) or Grand Prix Formula 1 as the original adventure.

TRIO METGE-AURIOL-Schlesser, A SPORTS CAUTION

“Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed.” The former host country ownership goes Lavoisier and solicit two former winners of the Paris-Dakar, Hubert Auriol (1981, 1983, 1992) and Jean-Louis Schlesser (1999, 2000), proposing the idea of ??starting a new trial. Blocked by a non-competition clause inherited from years of sporting director Dakar (1994-2005), the triple champion was soon forced to leave the new organization.

René Metge, who also won the Dakar three times (1981, 1984, 1986), retrieves the torch, it still stands. Auriol mimics Schlesser and resumes driving. Chugging the young rally is a name. “The first Africa Race, we were 10 competitors, today it is 100″ reflects the Egyptian pilot Abdelhamid Abouyoussef faithful since 2009.

>> See: Africa Eco Race, on the footsteps of Thierry Sabine

The presence of the glorious trio Metge-Auriol Schlesser done much for the credibility of the event, bringing a sporty deposit, a guarantee of reliability in the organization, all of the gold patina of Dakar debut that all participants seek . “The rally in South America is superb,” ??says José Palacios, who rolled on its tracks twice before joining the Africa Race in 2012. “But the spirit there is different, says the driver, there are not the same feel or characters like Metge, Auriol and Schlesser, breathing Africa.”

“NO SOUL TO LIVE TO 300 KM TO ROUND …”

“I did twenty-five Paris-Dakar, it was a great race, but that is part and lives his life in South America, in a framed environment,” says Jean-Louis Schlesser, winner of four editions of the Africa Race. René Metge assures, “we do not have the desire to compete in the Dakar Rally.’s Africa Race was created because we wanted a friendly rally, and Africa, which I think is invaluable, because it ‘ is beautiful and it’s really an adventure. When a guy crosses Mauritania, it passes through areas where there is not a soul at 300 km radius … ”

No competition with the Dakar, but a match in terms of timing that may surprise or annoy some teams with ambitions of the two tests. “That the two rallies take place at the same time is a bit stupid The best drivers do not ask the question. They do not have a choice and go to South America, for reasons of contracts, sponsorship,” said former Austrian champion Heinz Kinigadner. The owner of the KTM team sent its best in Peru and comes on the Africa Race with less sports media that targets the race serves as the backdrop for filming a series featuring the challenge of Austrian actors Tobias Moretti, famous for his role as Commissioner in the series Kommissar Rex, and Gregor Bloeb, which are prepared for a year to mingle with the pack of riders on track to Dakar.

“AWARENESS IS STILL LOW”

Other professional discipline, Portuguese Elisabete Jacinto ensures that its partners have not winced when she chose to leave the South American rally to reach the Africa Race. “For this race grow, you really improve media to attract sponsors and competitors. Awareness is still low but we are here because the atmosphere is great …,” she says.

That the Portuguese had the opportunity to test during the fourth stage, when his vehicle went down after a lurch. “The driver of the truck of the Russian Kamaz team came to help me out, and they brought us back to my truck on all four wheels. Highly appreciate it.” Especially since she will then win the special of the day before his benefactor.

“There is a real camaraderie, and this is mainly due to the organizing team and René Metge, a race director unusual,” says Elisabete Jacinto. Guardian of the temple, the former champion remains at 71, very close to the drivers, congratulating each, providing advice to others, constantly supervising the race for which he drew the line at the end connoisseur. “This is the best week of my life,” will launch in thanks to the Dutch William Martens athletic director came to encourage the passage of a checkpoint at the second stage.

This particular atmosphere evoked by all competitors, also has its source in the presence of many hobbyists, enthusiasts who live their adventure without even thinking to put a brake on the image of the bikers came without assistance and luggage They live and sleep with their racing suit for single garment during the ten days of the event.

Accustomed Rally of Morocco and Tunisia, Guillaume Jorda and Xavier Lormand, restaurateurs, are committed to the last minute, recovering a car in the Team RMA Hubert Auriol. “Doing the Dakar, I thought about it a hundred times, this is the fantasy of all lovers of motorsports,” said Xavier Lormand. “We enjoy. The Africa Race is a serious race, but where no one takes it too seriously,” added his friend. The late fifties, Patrick Poizat also dreaming with open eyes. “Living that’s truly unique,” reflects his wife Catherine, who accompanied the rally. “We feel the motivation and solidarity between competitors, there is no look through because it is unknown,” she insisted, referring those drivers who drive without mechanical fueled.

Suffered a fall and unable to complete the third step, Patrick Poizat has yet believed that the return to reality would be faster than expected. But “the purpose of the organization is to encourage participants to Dakar”, says Thierry Scharff, the head of communications, and the rough was allowed to continue after a day of compulsory rest. With a beautiful time penalty on the clock, but without the risk of being sent home on disqualification. In view of the amount invested (from 10 000 to 17 000 euros per person for commitment fees, not to mention the budget for cars and motorcycles), this benevolence is far from trivial and is the opposite of the usual practice on the South American Dakar, where the costs are three to four times higher.

THE CROSSING OF MAURITANIA SECURE

Strange melting pot between ancient glories to swerve always said, the lack of African professionals and enthusiasts in search of Rose Lake as Orson Welles was his “Rosebud” in Citizen Kane, the Africa Eco Race none the less extreme rally, over a course of a rare requirement for machines as well as men. The safety of drivers and people is a source of constant worry for René Metge, which includes ensuring that crossing Mauritania is secure, at least on the west coast of Africa bordered by Race.

At the medical level, each step is followed by a team of four emergency doctors and four nurses, able to respond in minutes. That did not stop the race to find grieving from the second step by the death of Christian Craff driver, 63, suffered a cardiac arrest in the dunes, Sunday, Dec. 30 at the special between Boudnib and Tagounite . The announcement of the drama was suspended for a moment the hum of the camp, before the adventure resumes its rhythm.

The challenge for Africa Eco Race is now growing in his soul and maintaining balance. “We segregate when the event will be profitable in financial terms, which is not far from being the case,” says René Metge, while Jean-Louis Schlesser approves advocating for “reasonable intelligent test, made by enthusiasts for enthusiasts. ” As José Palacios, who does not doubt for a second the future of the race which was new with the old: “The true Dakar spirit is here with this band of nomads who cross the desert on crazy machine . the Africa Race is the rebirth of Dakar. Nobody can stop now. “…

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Republican Senators Communist group and citizen (CRC) have claimed, Friday, March 29, the government to declare a moratorium on evictions.

“Without waiting for the bills to be submitted this year, the government must take responsibility now and stop these practices of another age by declaring, as requested by the associations, a moratorium for 2013 on rental “evictions, they wrote in a statement.

Mid-March, the Minister of Housing, Cécile Duflot, was extended by 15 days the truce of evictions due to “exceptional circumstances related to weather conditions.” The truce will expire the first Monday in April.

FOR A “SOCIAL HOUSING SAFETY”

Each year, from November 1 to March 15, tenants can not be evicted, even if the owner has initiated proceedings and that the expulsion was confirmed by a court. This provision does not apply to persons who illegally live in a place where they are break-ins, including squatters.

The moratorium on evictions is a regular application of associations fighting against poor housing which emphasize the need to strengthen prevention mechanisms to allow the tenure of people in difficulty, while compensating the owners.

According to Communist senators, “evictions are useless: they do not lower the prices of real estate, out of the ground worthy and accessible housing that are unfortunately still lacking the other hand, to a family. on the street, is to accept it rocking, sometimes irreparably, in poverty and exclusion. ”

They advocate the creation of a “social housing security”, “including through the decommodification of housing policy.” They also require that the compensation fund owners, “which could not proceed with the eviction, and sometimes themselves in big trouble, or abounded, which is not the case today.”

The former head of the military apparatus of ETA, Garikoitz Aspiazu Rubina, alias “Txeroki”, was sentenced Wednesday, March 13 at twenty years’ imprisonment, including the kidnapping of a Spanish family holiday in France in 2007.

The special criminal court of Paris also sentenced three other ETA members to this penalty, together for a period of two-thirds safety. The other six defendants were sentenced to between eight and eighteen years in prison.

Arrested in France in November 2008, “Txeroki”, 39, was sentenced in 2011 in Spain three hundred seventy to seven years in prison for twenty-one assassination attempts and terrorist acts. It is believed to have participated in the preparation of the attack that killed two people at Madrid airport in 2006, but it has not been tried for these facts.

He should serve his sentence in France, and then be returned to Spain, under several European arrest warrants.

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To govern is to choose, “said Pierre Mendes France. If it is not always easy to govern, at least the theory of games and tools growing can help us to make informed choices in many practical situations: organization of communication networks, task scheduling, management of the vehicle flow or weddings …

Let’s start with a few questions to show that our intuition of probabilities is easily distorted, leading to bad choices. From how many people gathered in a room the probability of finding a common anniversary date it exceeds 1/2? The answer is 23. And whenever there is 57 people, the probability rises to 99%. These answers may shock the first intuition is however well established by elementary probability calculations.

GAME THREE CLOSED DOORS

Another example is troubling. You participate in a game where you are shown three closed doors. Behind one of the three doors is a price (assumed that you are interested …) and nothing behind the other two doors. First step, the playmaker asked to designate a door (but do not open). Second step: the leader opens the other two doors where there is nothing. So there are two closed doors, one with a prize behind the other with nothing.

In this last stage, that of opening the door, the playmaker asks if you want to keep your original choice and open the door, or if, instead, you prefer to change choices and open the other door . In other words, what did you interest in to maximize your chances of winning?

It is better to change the choice and open the other door, because you will have two chances in three of winning, then you do not have a three if you persist in your initial choice.

“PARADOX OF MONTY HALL”

If you’re not convinced, imagine the same game where you are asked to designate a card at random from 52 cards face down, then returns 50 other cards that are not the ace of spades. Of the remaining two cards, where do you think lies the ace of spades? The probabilities are in this case 1/52 if you keep your original choice and 51/52 (just over 98%) if you change your choice, because you returned a total of 51 cards of 52.

Declined in the form of game shows from the 1960s, this “Monty Hall paradox” has brought joy to all the presenters whose talent (and interest) was to convince naive not to change candidates of choice .. .

Good knowledge of the characteristics of a game and can help them win. As blackjack, a game of cards being played in casinos, where this knowledge can be valuable: the people who manage to remember the cards already outputs can analyze their probability of winning, depending on the cards that are not out and bet at the right time. Several teams have hit the headlines, using the technique known as card counting to fool many casinos around the world.

STRATEGIC CHOICE

The strategic choices that can be done, for example in an election, are also affected by probabilistic considerations, sometimes leading to paradoxes. Thus, it is possible, in a vote that asks you to rank three candidates (A, B and C) in order of preference, a majority of voters prefer A to B, another prefers B C, but another to choose C rather than A! This is because the preference relation is transitive this paradox stated by Nicolas de Condorcet in 1785, appears.

These are the same types of non-transitive relationship found in the popular rock-paper-scissors Thurs

Beyond individual understanding of the multitude of games that exist, mathematicians began to formalize problems strategies and choice through game theory. The game is meant here as a confrontation between two players, as if the game rock-paper-scissors, but with a variable gain associated with each victory, so that one can opt for a strategy that maximizes the gain in After a certain time.

THE MINIMAX THEOREM

Economic considerations thus guiding the pioneers of this formalization, the American mathematician John von Neumann give the first instance through the minimax theorem, proved in 1928. This theorem states that in a two-player game and zero-sum (the sum of the potential gains of all players is zero), there is an average value representing that the first player can win at the expense of the second player if they act rationally (that is to say, in seeking to maximize their gains).

This is another mathematician John Nash, which extend in the 1950s the work of von Neumann attacking games with more than two players nonzero sum (the sum of the earnings of all the players can be any). It will establish the concept of Nash equilibrium: an equilibrium point of the game where all players are satisfied with the result. For example, in the rock-paper-scissors game, a Nash equilibrium is reached if the players play every shot with a probability of 1/3. For this result and other contributions in game theory, Nash will receive the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994.

GAME THEORY

The interest of economists for game theory has recently accelerated. While the Nobel Prize in economics usually rewarded results in pure economics, social sciences or negotiations, the latest Nobel Prize, including attributed to American mathematician Lloyd Shapley in 2012, reflect the rise of the algorithmic game theory. The problem of Nash equilibrium is that, although it is stable points on the theoretical level, in a complex game, there is no guarantee that it will converge to these points. In most cases, they are incalculable.

But in many games, Lloyd Shapley showed that the problem has at least one stable solution is the Nash equilibrium. The best known example is the problem of stable marriages. It is to find, given a number of men and many women, a stably form couples without anyone find fault (with no wife nor no man would rather be with another partner ). Not only Shapley showed the existence of several stable solutions to this problem but, with his colleague David Gale, he gave an algorithmic solution, that is to say, a way to compute these solutions.

ALGORITHM SHAPLEY

The stable marriage problem is a simplified version of optimal matching problems, where the aim is to assign students in institutions in limited numbers taking into account the preferences of all (the automated procedure Affelnet college entrance, the postbac admission procedure, etc..). Problems whose stable solutions can be calculated by Shapley algorithm.

Generally, optimizing the outcome of game theory is a central concern of our digital world. For the routing of wireless networks, for example, the problem is to travel as soon as possible data packets from one point to another through multiple intermediate relays.

“To solve these problems, we draw a random path through which is passed a data packet. Then the operation is repeated. Measuring the performance of each package, we will gradually learn the right ways to choose the path to the final optimal, “said Corinne Touati, specialist game theory to computer lab in Grenoble.

Read: Dilemmas of prisoners and dominant strategies…

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President Francois Hollande promised Sunday, March 17, families of victims of Mohamed Merah that their answers would be made for the shadows in the investigation into the path of killer scooter. “The answer is due to families and the whole of France,” said the head of state in Toulouse at the ceremony commemorating the victims of the crimes committed a year earlier in the name of jihad. “I’ll guarantee.”

“This tragedy could it have been prevented? Merah he acted alone or was he a member of a larger network?” asked the president, noting that justice was trying to answer these questions, “legitimately asked” the day after the killings perpetrated Toulouse and Montauban in March 2012.

“The government provides every assistance” to the statement “for all the light must be shed,” he assured. “Similarly, we all know of any problems with the relevant departments” during the period, he said. “The fight against terrorism requires no sagging, no weakness, no negligence,” he said.

“DEMOCRACY STRONGER THAN FANATICISM”

The Head of State recalled that he had come to deliver a message of Toulouse “solidarity” and “unity” to the families and say “democracy is always stronger than fanaticism.” A Montauban and Toulouse, “it is France who was assaulted. By killing soldiers by taking to children in a school, it is the Republic that we will want to hit in her heart” but the “Republic held good” and “France has stood the test,” said the president.

Denouncing “anti-Semitism,” Mr. Holland said that “the children of Toulouse” killed in the Jewish school Ozar Hatorah “died for the same reason as the Vel d’Hiv and Drancy: because they were Jews. ” “Whenever a Jew is insulted, it is an outrage that is done to our whole country,” he said. But “in no case, our Muslim compatriots must not be confused with those who caricature Islam by developing a radical interpretation,” added the president.

The speaking of the head of state has punctuated a march of more than 1500 Toulouse from all backgrounds and faiths, the highlight of a week in which his neighbor Montauban and Toulouse were in replongées horror of the crimes perpetrated in the name of jihad a year earlier. Tribute was also paid to the plight suffered by Sunday Loïc Liber paratrooper in Montauban and Bryan Bijaoui, student Ozar Hatorah, both seriously injured by the killer scooter.

Since March 11, the mention of the names of victims at the mercy of ceremonies reopened Toulouse and montalbanaises wounds: the paratrooper Imad Ibn Ziaten, killed March 11, 2012 in Toulouse, the Abel Chennouf and Mohamed Legouad paratroopers killed on March 15 Montauban, Myriam Monsonego, 8, Gabriel and Arieh Sandler, 4 and 5 years, and their father Jonathan, who died on March 19 at the Ozar Hatorah Jewish school in Toulouse. All shot in cold blood by Mohamed Merah, small Toulouse offender rallied to Salafism and having vowed, according to him, to avenge Palestinian children and punish France for its military involvement in Afghanistan….

A logistics manager office Pau France Telecom, laid off, died Monday morning after being slain by fire to his home, officials said Tuesday, March 5 from trade union sources and with management.

This 42 year old man residing near Pau, married and father of a young child could not be saved despite the arrival of the emergency, said a CFDT union official. According to a spokesman of the management, the floor of Pau has opened an investigation of the causes of death.

“Last week, the director called me (…) to tell me that he and some of his colleagues were laid off as part of an internal investigation into their service,” she added . According to the same source, officials CFDT Thursday discussed with him to understand what was happening. He confirmed that he had been interviewed by investigators, “but had not said.”

“SUSPECTED FRAUDULENT”

Management has confirmed that “the employee was subject to a temporary suspension for alleged fraudulent act, and as such, had been temporarily suspended.” “Given the dramatic nature of this case and having regard to his family, we will not further comment on this procedure. An internal investigation is underway” with the committee on health, safety and working conditions (HSC ) “to determine the circumstances of the tragedy,” said the spokesman of the management.

“The staff is very shocked and we have established a psychological unit with the occupational physician through the HSC,” he added. Office Pau France Telecom employs 150 employees….

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A former . soldier was arrested for conspiracy after fighting alongside Al-Nosra Front, a group of Islamic militants affiliated in Washington Al-Qaeda against the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad said on Thursday the . Department of Justice.

Eric Harroun, an American who served 30 years in the army for three years before being injured in 2003, but have never been deployed overseas, was arrested Wednesday at the airport in Washington-Dulles his return from Syria, according to the minutes of the FBI, joined a ministry.

The man allegedly admitted his association with Al-Nosra fighters, described by the United States a “terrorist” organization, with which he underwent training in weapons. He also admitted that he carried an AK-47 that he intended to use against the forces of the Syrian regime. He admitted that he fired at least once a rocket launcher in Syria, according to the same document.

The former . military would also uttered anti-Semitic comments and would have appeared on video in which he said he was engaged in military action in Syria with the rebel forces.

Attorney Alexandria (Virginia), Neil MacBride, made the announcement in a statement, adding that Eric Harroun risked life in prison if convicted of conspiracy to use weapons of mass destruction in combination with terrorist organization affiliated with Al-Qaeda.

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Cruel dilemma for Bernard Cazeneuve, his political career as a former Member of Parliament and Mayor of Cherbourg Manche not necessarily up in an excellent position in all its cool features budget minister. Expert in defense issues, elected a structured nuclear and military industries territory, that is the successor to Jerome Cahuzac suddenly responsible under its mission to Bercy, reduce the bill for defense, as well as the other departments.

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Landed in an emergency, Wednesday, March 20, at the Quai d’Orsay in Bercy after the resignation of Mr. Cahuzac, the former Minister of European Affairs has, of course, not had time to fully immerse in the folder. For now, he swallows notes provided by his administration. Apart from his chief of staff, his press adviser and Parliamentary Counsel, it has retained the backbone “technical” team of his predecessor.

He even kept the program go in series with the ministers provided within the budget consultations, including with Jean-Yves Le Drian, his colleague from the defense. From Friday, March 22, less than forty-eight hours after taking office, Mr. Cazeneuve attended the Elysee to defense counsel on the White Paper.

In the entourage of the new bagman Ayrault team is evoked “the sense of the interests of the State”, “commitments vis-à-vis the European Union” and “national recovery that through the accounts “to explain that no preferential treatment will be reserved at the Hotel de Brienne:” This is a department like all the others, which should not escape the need to restate the accounts. ”

JOBS THREATENED IN LOWER NORMANDY

The side of the defense, however, the appointment of Mr. Cazeneuve budget, which was only moderately surprised, is considered “good news.” “It will be a true minister of the budget. Cahuzac As he held the line Bercy. But it perfectly know the limits and consequences on the ground,” said one official, who relies on the understanding of the man who was mayor a city Oula DCNS (shipbuilding) remains the largest employer and a member of a department with the Flamanville nuclear power plant and the reprocessing plant at La Hague.

“Lower Normandy lists 5800 jobs in defense industries directly affected by the orders of the Ministry, says the source. Bercy The Z scenario would, in this region, a loss of 30% of these jobs. Activity in Underwater DCNS will also face a spread Barracuda program, with consequences for sites Cherbourg and subcontractors. ”

Just arrived and already under pressure. “Cazeneuve is very aware of these issues, but also budgetary issues, suggests a close. He pays attention, but he has a responsibility. And he is not one to turn away. He tries to reconcile two. ”

SURVEY KARACHI

Hard Rapporteur Mission parliamentary inquiry into the attack in Karachi in May 2002 which cost the lives of five people, including eleven employees of the Directorate of Naval Construction (DCN), Bernard Cazeneuve, spokesman for the presidential campaign Francois Hollande, was given as one of its possible defense ministers.

Secretary of the Defence Committee of the National Assembly and Rapporteur for five years the budget of the Ministry of Defence, “he spent five years at some point failures, said a relative. This he sees as budget minister , immersing themselves in more detail in the record confirms its analysis. It is not an intellectual break with the subject. ” Colleagues, government, banking on his ability, as demonstrated during the campaign and European Affairs. “This is a guy who has talent, finesse and discreet, slipping a minister. Has already surprised everyone.”

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The merger of the Alsace regional council with the two councils of Haut-Rhin and Bas-Rhin will not take place. Partial results of Sunday’s referendum credit the “no” to a victory by of votes in the Upper Rhine, in a context of very low voter mobilization. Voters Lower Rhinois there would be favorable contrast to nearly 67%, but the abstention was also very strong.

It was necessary to get the project, the affirmative votes represent more than half of the votes and at least 25% of registered voters in each department. But the turnout was 36% in the Lower Rhine, and 37% in the Haut-Rhin.

“WILL THE ALSACE Derision OF FRANCE”

Expected, according to its supporters, increase the weight of Alsace, the “yes” yet left favorite. A poll published in early March gave nearly three-quarters of “yes” for a quarter of “no”, even if the opposition camp was already stronger in the south of Alsace. Smallest region of France, Alsace was the first to use a possibility under the law of local government reform in December 2010. Already in 2003, the Corsican voters rejected the referendum by a similar project.

“When we debate on institutional issues, it does not interest our citizens. When we vote for a person or party, cares more,” said the president in Strasbourg (UMP) of the General Council of the Bas-Rhin Guy Dominique Kennel. He also deplored the impact of the case of the former budget minister Jerome Cahuzac. “Tomorrow, Alsace is ridicule of France,” he said commenting on the outcome of the vote, according to France Bleu Alsace.

# AUC # CTA Guy Dominique Kennel: “Tomorrow, Alsace is ridicule of France”

- France Bleu Alsace (@ BleuAlsace)

The result reflected the concerns of some voters and elected Upper Rhine to see them go into orbit department of Bas-Rhin and its capital Strasbourg, but also due to the political climate, according to the president of the Regional Council of Alsace, Philippe Richert (UMP), who regrets a “mess.” “The impact of extreme was important. This result is also to be linked with the general climate crisis, and Cahuzac case undoubtedly had an effect,” he said.

“THE QUESTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE MILLEFEUILLE REMAINS OPEN”

Philippe Richert said at the local level there was also “a discourse of anxiety, fear about the future of the department of Haut-Rhin, with the mayor of Colmar [chief town of the department, the UMP Gilbert Meyer] who said that his city would lose the prefecture and the Court of Appeal. ” “The question of yarrow [administrative] remains open. We missed the boat for ten, fifteen or twenty years,” lamented the former minister of local government of Nicolas Sarkozy.

For the FN regional councilor Martine Binder, the result of the referendum is “a strong signal to politicians in place.” FN participated in a diverse coalition of non together for the occasion the two extremes of the political spectrum with the Left Front, but also much of the socialists, “separatists” from all sides, some UMP unconvinced by the arguments of simplicity, greater efficiency and potential savings highlighted, and unions like the CGT and FO, who feared a possible challenge to the national labor law.

“YOU WILL NOT ALSACE”

Marine Le Pen, president of the National Front, has welcomed the victory of not. “Against all political and media barons, beating all the polls, the French Alsace meant by their forbearance and their massive vote for their non indestructible attachment to the French nation and the Republic one and indivisible,” said in a statement Ms. Le Pen. According to her, “in Alsace, the people rose against the caste who wanted to sell him to a hastily-designed project in the corridors of Brussels in favor of the anti-national European regions.”

The Left Party (PG) asked Hollande “to hear the message of the voters” in Alsace and “relinquish his project.” “This is a huge blow to proponents of France at different speeds, fascinated by the so-called” German model “,” the party of Jean-Luc Mélenchon in a statement. He emphasized that “it is a great satisfaction for the Left Front was the militant force for the” no “.” To the left, “Alsace was to be the birth of the dismantling of the Republic programmed by Act III of decentralization. It must become his death certificate.”

The spokesman of the PCF, Olivier Dartigolles, said Sunday that the government must “learn” this rejection, removing altogether the bill on decentralization.

Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, President of the Republic Standing, also welcomed the “historic significance of political messages” sent by the Alsatians. In a statement entitled “You do not have Alsace!” Mr. Dupont-Aignan believes that “the Local Authority Alsace is now good for closets and Alsace will not get that much better.”

“SHOULD CONTINUE THE WORK OF PERSUASION”

In contrast, the president of the UMP, Jean-Francois Cope, said he was “disappointed” by the vote. “We must continue the work of persuasion because the reform was good for Alsace and could be good for the whole of France,” he added.

The Socialist Party said Sunday night that the rejection was “the result of a lack of dialogue.” “The ‘majority Alsatian’ led by UMP failed to unite around this project excluding territories and made several political families,” said in a statement Alain Fontanel, national secretary of the PS responsible federations. “This referendum is a missed opportunity to deepen decentralization in the country, with projects adapted to the specificities of our territories opportunity,” said the socialist leader who said it was “still possible” a “really ambitious reform of local authorities” even if it “can not go through a merger of the three communities” Alsatian.

The Minister of Public Service, Marylise Lebranchu, and delegated to the decentralization, Anne-Marie Escoffier, for their part, “noted” the result.

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Professors of law or political science Pierre Avril, Olivier Beaud and Laurent Bouvet, and the historian and political scientist Patrick Weil wrote to Francois Hollande and the Presidents of the Assembly, Claude Bartolone, and Senate Jean-Pierre Bel to warn of harm alleged prohibition of multiple directorships for parliamentarians harmful to their eyes to the “balance of power”. A reform that Parliament should be seized, said the Prime Minister, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Wednesday in the Assembly, “before summer.”

In this text sent this weekend, these scholars argue that members who are mayors, presidents of general or regional councils “are also an asset to democracy.” In fact, they say, “the balance of power is a fundamental condition for democracy.” But “in our diet too présidentialisé, the presence of local elected Parliament contributes to this balance.”

“First, their elected status does not depend solely parliamentary mandate, to the executive branch, so they have more power and independence than their colleagues who are members of parliament,” these scholars argue . “Then [...] it would be unhealthy as [...] elected MPs have only a partisan basis” while “our political culture of confrontation” and that “its climax is reached when the presidential elections “in the wake of which the elections are held.

“A COMBINATION OF POWERS TO COUNTER”

However, they argue, “the practice of local functions, the mayor in particular, used to manage in the public interest for all citizens, not just for the voters of his party.” “The French exception of multiple directorships is a counterweight to the French exception accumulated powers, extreme concentration of power in the hands of the President of the Republic It helps -. Certainly imperfect – but surely the balance of power, “summarized MM. April Beaud, Bouvet and Weil.

Recalling that a president can not serve more than two consecutive terms, the drafters of the letter rather advocate a limitation in time of the number of mandates. “Why, for example, do not we impose mayors, presidents of general counsel and regional limitation to three terms to eighteen [the cumulative term of office]?” They ask. “Mr. President, this is not that reform is popular because it is a good reform. This is not democratic because it seems that it will be” the authors conclude.

The prohibition accumulated a parliamentary mandate with a local executive mandate contained in the recommendations of the Committee on Jospin “renovation of public life” published in November. First announced to the Council of Ministers on 13 March, was postponed since without a new specific timetable is announced.